Prof. Dr. Ingolf Pernice
Prof. Dr. Ingolf Pernice
Humboldt University Berlin – Faculty of Law
Director of the Walter Hallstein-Institute for European Constitutional Law
Homepage
Ingolf.Pernice@rz.hu-berlin.de
Research Focus
European Constitutional Law
European Environmental Law
European Competitioon Law
Comparative Constitutionalism
Constitutional Theory
Selected Publications
Fondements du droit constitutionnel européen, Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II) - Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales de Paris, Paris (Pédone), 2004
Derecho constitucional europeo y Derecho constitucional de las Estados miembros, in: Revista española de Derecho Europeo 8 (2003), S. 601-638.
Multilevel Constitutionalism in the European Union, 27 European Law Review (2002), S. 511-529.
Institutional Settlements for an Enlarged European Union – The Proposals of the Convention Revisited, in: George Bermann (ed.), Law and Governance in an Enlarged Europe. Essays in European Law, 2004, p. 3-37.
Integrating the Charter of Fundamental Rights into the Constitution of the European Union Practical and Theoretical Propositions, (2004) The Columbia Journal of European Law, vol. 1, 2004, p. 5-48.
Special Offer
THE FUTURE OF THE EUROPEAN JUDICIAL SYSTEM – THE CONSTITUTIONAL ROLE OF EUROPEAN COURTS –
6th International ECLN-Colloquium / IACL Round Table, 2 – 4 November 2005, Berlin, Germany
Congress-Abstract
ヨーロッパ多層システムにおける環境法の実施
欧州連合は、一つの国家ではなく、政治的に多層なシステムである。立法に関する権限は、欧州憲法により欧州の諸機関に与えられており、そこには、環境に関する政策分野も含まれている。それは一般的に、指令という手法によって行使され、加盟国は、二段階の立法形式により、その目的に関して拘束される。しかし、同時に、国家レベルで指令を実施する際に、それを国内法と調和させ、効果的に適応させるための余地が国家に残されている。
この協調的な立法システムは、欧州レベルで共通の行動をとる必要がある場合に効率的であり、それは同時に、国家の自治に適切な配慮を与えるものである。だが、条約の義務を実施する際に、加盟国の抵抗からいくつかの問題が生じている。加盟国は、指令の国内法への転換期限を必ずしも遵守するとは限らず、また、加盟国の立法措置が正しくないか、もしくは不完全の場合もある。条約の不履行に関する訴訟手続きのみならず、直接的な損害賠償請求の可能性および指令の「客観的な」実施など、救済策も講じられている。
Implementation of Environmental Laws in the European Multi-Level-System
The European Union is not a State, but a multilevel political system. Its Constitution confers legislative competencies to the European Institutions, including in the field of environmental policies, which are generally exercised by means of Directives. They are a form of two-step legislation, which is binding for the Member States regarding the objectives, but leaves the national authorities the choice of forms and methods allowing them to integrate the aims harmoniously in national law in giving the Directive effect at the national level.
This system of cooperative legislation is efficient with regard to the needs of common action at the European level, and it gives due regard to the national autonomy at the same time. Problems arise from the reluctance of some Member States in implementing their duties under the Treaty. They do not always respect the time limits for the transposition, or the national legislation is incorrect or incomplete. The infringement procedure under the Treaty, but also the ECJ jurisprudence on the responsibility of Member States in case of damages, as well as on the „objective effect“ of Directives, however, largely ensure correct implementation.